Nature Vs Nurture Essay - 1416 Words

Psychologically, nature can be termed as the genetic predispositions impact on human traits. Nurture on the other hand, refers to the influence that learning has on the behavior of persons. The influence of learning is exclusively obtained from the environment. Scholars and lay people continue to argue about whether the strengths and weaknesses of people are as a result of their inherited traits or the ones acquired through learning from the environment. Great social implications have been drawn from the results of this debate. These implications occur in the sense that the intelligence showcased by people depends on their acquired or learned traits. With respect to the inherited traits, there are various traits that are biologically†¦show more content†¦. Alleles are the different forms through which genes exist in the body (Nordrum and Amy 17). These alleles are normally located in an organism’s chromosomes. It is practically impossible to determine the set of allel es that are present in an organism’s chromosomes by simply looking at the outward appearance of that individual. This is the reason why I found it necessary to track down the allele abundance of the tall-height trait in our past generations. Before this current generation of my dad’s family, there were two other generations before. Of these two generations, the preceding one was characterized with the possession of the recessive allele, which contributed to members of the family having average heights. This allele then disappears and it is not present in the generation just before my father’s current generation. Funny thing is that it now emerges again through me in this current generation. As it can be expected, the explanation behind this occurrence constitutes complex biological understanding. However, there are theories and suggestions, which have been placed forward to explain how this happens. The first theory was developed by a scientist called Gregor Men dell. In his experiments, he used the breeding processes of pea. At the ends, he was able to come up with three principles of inheritance. These principles were able to offer anShow MoreRelatedNature vs. nurture Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs. Nurture It is a matter of concern whether human behaviors and characteristics are determined by nature or nurture. If a person’s behavior is inherited directly from the genes of his/her parents or other biological factors, then it is the nature that determines his character. But if the environment that a person grew up in, affects his behavior, then it is the nurture that determines his/her character. It became a great matter of controversy among scientists, psychologists and sociologistsRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesNature vs. Nurture Essay Throughout many years, scientists have been debating about whether nature or nurture is the driving force that shapes a person’s cognitive abilities and personal traits. Before the ongoing debate can be explained, it is necessary to understand what nature and nurture actually are. Nature is loosely defined as the genetics one inherits and tendencies that influence development. Many things in an individual are hereditary, for instance; gender, disease, height, eye color,Read More Nature vs Nurture Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs Nurture In his book, the universally acclaimed and bestseller The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins presents his viewpoint that living organisms are but survival machines, that the individual [is a] selfish machine, programmed to do whatever is best for its gene as a whole. In fact, this is the central concept in his book that he brings across. An individuals behaviour and actions are 100% determined by its genes and the individual behaves in accordance to ensure the best persistenceRead More Nature vs Nurture Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pages Nature or Nurture? The Determination of Human Behaviour The nature versus nurture debate has spanned over decades, and is becoming more heated in the recent years. Following the mapping of the human genome, scientists are pursuing the possibility of controlling human behaviour such as homicidal tendencies or insanity through the manipulation of genes. Is this possible for us to ensure that humans behave in certain ways under certain circumstances in future? This is highly doubtful, as the determinationRead More Nature vs Nurture Essay570 Words   |  3 Pages Nature vs Nurture The issues pitting nature against nurture are exceptionally significant for the gamut of discoveries that attribute an increasing proportion of traits and behaviours to ones genetic makeup. The resulting variety of physical shortcomings and limitations in each person has, for centuries, been countered by endeavours to improve or interfere where necessary, and every individual is consequently the product of a delicate middle path of balance between the two. The importanceRead MoreNature vs. Nurture Essay794 Words   |  4 Pages Nature vs. Nurturenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through time, psychologists have argued over whether only our genes control our behaviors in life or if the environment and the people surrounding us have any effect in our lives. This is called nature versus nurture. We do not know what dictates our behavior, or if it is a combination of both. One question is, if genes control our behavior, are we really responsible for our actions? I think that if we can make choicesRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs Nurture The discussion about nature and nurture can be considered one of the oldest problems in psychology, the main question of which is: Are human traits present at birth or are they developing through experience? (Meyers, 2013). The natural side of the discussion asserts that the facial features and the way of their development strictly through DNA and genetics are transmitted by parents and grandparents. The nurture side of the debate argues that we are born with a clean list andRead MoreNature vs. Nurture Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesNature vs Nurture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the past five weeks we have studied three different but influential people in our perspective on human nature class. They are Freud, Plato and Tzu. The main discussion between all of them is nature versus nurture. I will discuss the difference between nature and nurture and then I’ll apply to each of these philosophers and how they react to it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When looked up in the dictionary the term nature means the universe and its phenomena or one’s own character and temperamentRead More Nature vs Nurture Essay778 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs Nurture Most of us have an intuition that, although our genes provide advantages and constraints, we retain great control over our lives. However, we are developing a second, competing intuition that, like it or not, our genes determine our abilities, our preferences, and our emotions. We would like to think we are much more than the sum of our genes, but scientists have apparently demonstrated that our genes determine some of our most complex behavioral and cognitive characteristicsRead MoreEssay on Nature vs Nurture1052 Words   |  5 PagesNature vs. Nurture M. B. Liberty University Psychology 101 Nature vs. Nurture There has been extensive debate between scholars in the field of psychology surrounding the Nature vs. Nurture issue. Both nature and nurture determine who we are and neither is solely independent of the other. â€Å"As the area of a rectangle is determined by its length and its width, so do biology and experience together create us.†(Myers, 2008, p. 8) Carl Gustav Jung, and leading thinker and creator of analytical

The Success Of A Financial Center - 1266 Words

In 1943 lawmakers had the idea of making world peace through trade and economic agreements. These towers were essentially a beam of light for the future of an uncertain New York economy. Although the idea of a financial center was conceived in the early 40s, Nelson and David Rockefeller didn’t pursue it until the early 1960s. The brothers sought a financial capital that companies around the world could trade and reach economic agreements through, as the name implied. This building would house banking, financial, insurance, transportation, and import and export companies, along with economic representatives of various foreign countries. The two brothers would continue to push for the project in the early 1960s, claiming that the project†¦show more content†¦At peak of construction, 3,500 workers were working on the buildings at once. A total of $900 million (roughly $5 billion to $6 billion today) were spent on the World Trade Center from 1968 to 1973 (Johnson). From i ts conception all the way to it’s destruction in 2001, the World Trade Center served as what it originally sought to do: serve as the economic centerpiece of the world. A decade after its construction, World Trade Center revenues had jumped to $204 million with demand for occupant space rising. Smaller businesses were being pushed out for bigger clients, eventually taking over entirely. Over 50,000 employees in 500 various businesses worked in the World Trade Center, not limited to banks, law firms, charities, and airlines (Harris). Tourism was also a fundamental part of the World Trade Center, with observation decks, stores, and restaurants located at the top of the towers. Of course, success doesn’t come with opposition. The World Trade Center was later a target for terrorist and extremist activity. In 1993 a truck loaded with 1200lbs of explosives was detonated in the parking lot underneath. The entire building was evacuated and this is considered as one of the firs t sightings of terrorism on American soil. Religious extremists, claiming that they were avenging their Palestinian brothers, masterminded this specific bombing. Before the bombing letters with demands were sent out to media outlets by the culprits, calling for the UnitedShow MoreRelatedDevelopment of an Orthopedic Center1738 Words   |  7 PagesDEVELOPMENT OF AN ORTHOPEDIC CENTER 1 The Development of an Orthopedic Center Table of Contents Introduction 4 Discussion 4 The Trinity Community Hospital 4 My Role as a CEO 5 The Evaluation of the Demand for Orthopedic Center in the Market Area 5 The Strategies for Service and Clinical Excellence through Development of Cardiovascular Center 5 The Analysis of Current International Healthcare Trends and its Incorporation into the Development of the Orthopedic Center 6 The Existing ServiceRead MoreBalanced Scorecard: Cattaraugus County Rehabilitation Center726 Words   |  3 PagesCattaraugus County Rehabilitation Center did not do an effective job of implementing a balanced scorecard approach in a fashion that reflects their organizational mission and vision. This is evident when the organizations implementation of the scorecard is weighed against the mission and vision of the organization. The mission of the organization is to provide comprehensive services to assist each individual in achieving maximum independence, and pertains to disable children as its main beneficiariesRead MoreA Not-For-Profit Medical Research Center974 Words   |  4 PagesREPORT/STAKEHOLDERS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦1 MISSION/VISION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....1 STRATEGY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1-2 GOALS AND PERFORMANCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 RISK AND OPPORTUNITIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 FUND RAISING METHODS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 ORGANIZATION AND LEADERSHIP†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 GOVERNANCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreKansas Wesleyan University Case Study996 Words   |  4 Pageslearning how to finance your tuition to getting a parking pass for your car. As a student, I have an academic advisor to help me with more than just my scheduling. I have access to the Financial Planning Office and the Student Development Office. I also get a variety of education assistance at the Student Success Center. Originally, an academic advisor is thought to be a professor who schedules your classes and makes sure youre on the right course to receive your degree. After speaking with my advisorRead MoreElijah Heart Center1520 Words   |  7 PagesElijah Heart Center Toni Berthia University of Phoenix/HCS 405 Elijah Heart Center The finance department has reported that Elijah Health Center is facing a potential working capital shortfall which means the hospital may not have enough cash to sustain itself. The reasons for this shortfall is due to huge discounts given to managed care companies, higher wages given to contract nurses, low Medicare reimbursement levels, growth in current liabilities, and unused equipment. 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I would say yes, considering that we are currently in a recession. The term â€Å"American Dream† is used in a number of ways, but really the American Dream is an idea thatRead More7-E Japan Business Strategy is the Definition of Success825 Words   |  3 PagesBusiness Strategy definition as success factor: 7-E Japan (7EJ) designed a business strategy focused on Japanese customer’s behaviors for household goods requirements. The responsiveness level, transparency and agility of 7EJ SC was based on a business model strategy which designed storages location, inventory levels and transportation strategy supported by technology (Chopra Meindl, 2007). Companies should design business strategy for success on SC implementation (Chopra Meindl, 2007; SethiRead MoreIs It Effective For Perseverance Community College?1650 Words   |  7 Pagesadministration view â€Å"big pictures†, the organizational structure is designed with an eye toward desired end results (Bolman and Deal, 2013). 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Communist Manifesto for the Destruction - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCommunist Manifesto for the Destructionof the Bourgeoisie. Answer: Introduction The bourgeoisie as observed by Karl Marx have always flourished with the Proletarians sinking in the heights of poverty over the history. the modern bourgeoisie is itself a long course of development, a series of revolutions in the modes of production and exchange (Marx Engels, 1847). The aspects that favor the bourgeoisie's progress are also the most likely factors that will result in their downfall. The owners of the means of production (bourgeoisie) have for long taken advantage of the workers and the slaves (proletariats)(Sokel, 2000). The continued exploitation can be explained by the fact that the proletariats are always competing for the meager salaries given by the employers amongst themselves creating conflicts and disunity amongst themselves. Also, the advancements in the modern technology were first experienced by the bourgeoisie, and they used them to their own advantage. Precisely, the tools that have been continuously used to amass wealth among the high-class will defi nitely be used as the tools of their destruction. Marx opined that the capitalist bourgeoisie without any shred of tenderness exploited the proletariat. The work executed by the proletariat contributed to the creation of a lot wealth for the capitalists but they were (workers) very little in return(Marx Engels, 1847). Marx went further to note that the products created from the industries and factories were more valuable than the labor used to bring them into existence. Marx was using this statement to criticize the meagre salary that was being paid to the works compared to the market price of the products they created. The Marx observation can be attributed to the continued ownership and control of the productions means by the capitalists. This means that the wealthy continued getting rich every day at the expense of the poor workers who did not benefit from the fruits of their labor. The Bourgeoisies after discovering that the work performed by the proletariats can yield lots of profits; they mercilessly utilized the proletariat(Lamb, 2015). The products created in the factories by the workers were sold for more than twice the cost of the labor. To increase their production, the factories hired more labor at low wages. The under-class ungrudgingly agreed to work for the low wages to cater for their most basic needs. For example, a worker paid $2 could produce goods or services worth $10. The owner of the means of production by this will accumulate millions of dollars as profit. The laborer minimally benefits from the fruits of his/her own labor. The capitalist owing to his financial command has ruined the once existing good family relationships resulting to conflicts over wealth and money. The bourgeoisie has torn away from the family its sentimental veil, and has reduced the family relations into mere monetary relationships(Marx Engels, 1847).' The divisions are a well-calculated formula to obtain and retain more work forces at the production schemes. The competition among brothers to secure a job creates an advantage to the factories. The higher the competition among the workers, the lower the prices for labor to be paid per unit time. The conflict among the low-class individuals is a perfect tool for the capitalists to earn more profits. The advancements in technology also explain the continued rule of the industries by the bourgeoisie. The owners of industries and factories have greatly been favored by the modern trends of communication. The series of industrial revolution in the continent is also a well working plan for the bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie, by the rapid improvement of all instruments of production, by the immensely facilitated means of communication, draws all, even the most barbarian nations into civilization (Marx Engels, 1847). The modern tools of production are used to either replace human labor or even reduce the rates of working per unit time. The underclass are commonly threatened to work for more reduced wages, or else they lose their jobs. Due to desperation, they continue to suffer at the hands of their masters. The invention in communications has opened up new markets for the bourgeoisie. Online marketing has led to an increase in the gross sales in every financial year. The oppressed do n ot get any pay increase from their oppressors even with the improved sales. The bourgeoisie have had an experience of being a radical class, the proletariat are dreaming of taking over the world(Panitch, 2015). However, the means of production perpetuated by the bourgeoisie are the fruits containing their own seeds of destruction. The weapons with which the bourgeoisie felled feudalism to the ground are now turned against the bourgeoisie itself (Marx Engels, 1847). The capitalists are highly dependent on the communists. If the bourgeoisie does not pay back the efforts of the do not pay back the efforts of the proletariat appropriately, then they are on their eve of demise. The oppressed will soon seize power if their interests continue to be undermined. Marx argues, what the bourgeoisie, therefore, produces, above all, is its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable (Marx Engels, 1847). The same mechanisms that the high-class used to climb up the ladder will be used by the low class to bring them down and occupy their place at the top. Ultimately, the proletariat will launch a revolution against the bourgeoisie. The oppressed will soon discover the need of unity towards an achievement. The continued oppression of the proletariat will create a great resentment which will bring back their lost conscious. The regaining of the conscious will mark the start of a renaissance period. They will then join their hands together to fight their common enemy. The reunion of the workers will be a source of great ideologies. The presumption that the capitalists have inherent supremacy will be dismissed. According to Marx Engels (1847), in the contemporary society, the bourgeoisie is like a sorcerer. Just the way the powers of a sorcerer fade away with time so does the superiority of the capitalists. Soon, the bourgeoisie will be unable to control the economy of the world they once cast their spells. With the modern developments in the industrial sector, the number of the proletariat has not only multiplied but also grown more civilized. The conflicts among laborers have been dissolved owing to similar wages, similar lifestyles and similar financial constraints. The workers have resolved to form trade unions and other organization which will aid in a collective bargaining of their rights. The workers being the majority will definitely win the race. The fact that the bourgeoisie first experienced the industrial revolution explains why the proletariat has for long lagged behind. Currently, the oppressed can access the modern gadgets and utilize them to their advantage. While the bourgeoisie use the modern communication methods for marketing their products, the proletariat use them for mobilization and educating one another. Online platforms such as Facebook and Twitter help the oppressed to communicate widely, cheaply and timely. Bue to this, the struggle has adopted a continental dimension. Conclusion In conclusion, it is the best time for the world to adopt a different view of the social classes and stratification. The bourgeoisie should realize that their demise is growing nearer and assume better means of production. Some of the proletariats ought to be educated on false class consciousness. The should be made aware of their exploitation and coerced to take the necessary measures against it. The creation of more worker-friendly environments and rise of wages is the only way to a better world. This will bring to an end the prolonged class conflicts between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The oppressed will probably do away with any plans to overthrow the owners of the means of production. Through fairness, justice, and equity in the labor industry, the continents could emerge economical superpowers in a few years. The supposition that the capitalists must be the ruling class must be dismissed. The understanding that people have equal opportunities even amidst social inequal ity. References Lamb, P. (2015). Marx and Engels' Communistb Manifesto. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. Marx, K., Engels, F. (1847). Manifesto of the Communist Party. Moscow: Progress Publishers. Panitch, L. (2015). The Two Revolutionary Classes of the Manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sokel, W. H. (2000). From Marx to Myth: The Structure and the Function of Self-Alienation in Kafka's Metamorphosis. The Literaly Review, 26(4), 486-495.

In What Ways is Act 3 Scene One a turning Point in Romeo and Juliet and how does Shakespeare make it Dramatic Essay Example

In What Ways is Act 3 Scene One a turning Point in Romeo and Juliet and how does Shakespeare make it Dramatic? Essay Romeo and Juliet was set in Medieval Italy in the town of Verona. It is an adaptation of an ancient legend involving two lovers who belong to two rival feuding families. Due to the time setting of the play the themes of honour and family loyalty are apparent throughout the play. The values held by the characters in the play are very much medieval values; this causes problems for the lovers and makes it a lot more difficult for them. Although the play was set in medieval times, it was performed in costume of the era in which it was performed. This suggests that Shakespeare intended the play to be able to relate to any period in time and indicates that the issues in the play could be relevant to peoples lives at any time. Throughout the play there was always an atmosphere of violence and tension. Even near the beginning of the play Tybalt was highly angered by the gate crashing of the Capulets Ball; this was one of the main reasons why Tybalt challenged Romeo later on in the play. There was intense hatred between the families right from the start; even the opening scene featured a street brawl provoked by the mere biting of a thumb. Another cause of the conflict was Mercutio and Tybalts clashing explosive tempers. Before the conflict in Act 3 Scene 1, Mercutio is in a particularly confrontational mood; he makes many references to quarrelling, for example why thou wilt quarrel with a man that hath a hair more or a hair less in his beard than thou hast. We will write a custom essay sample on In What Ways is Act 3 Scene One a turning Point in Romeo and Juliet and how does Shakespeare make it Dramatic? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on In What Ways is Act 3 Scene One a turning Point in Romeo and Juliet and how does Shakespeare make it Dramatic? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on In What Ways is Act 3 Scene One a turning Point in Romeo and Juliet and how does Shakespeare make it Dramatic? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although Mercutio is speaking to Benvolio the references to quarrelling reflect Mercutios own temperament rather than Benvolios. As we know from the opening scene Benvolio is a peaceful, fair character; even his name indicates this as its meaning is goodwill. Benvolio senses the imminent violence between Tybalt and Mercutio and tries to prevent a fight breaking out in public, We talk here in the public haunt of men/Either withdraw unto some private place/Or reason coldly of your grievances/Or else depart; here all eyes gaze on us. Because of Mercutios stubborn frame of mind this has an adverse effect and intensifies Mercutios mood; it just makes him more determined Mens eyes were made to look, and let them gaze; I will not budge for no mans pleasure, I. Mercutios anger is also aggravated by the intense heat in Verona. Benvolio senses that there is impending trouble and says The day is hot, the Capels are aboard, /And if we meet we shall not scape a brawl, /For now, these hot days, is the mad blood stirring. This gives the audience an indication that there is going to be conflict as well as conveying the atmosphere of intense heat. The whole ambience in this part of the scene is very ominous and Shakespeare creates a lot of tension by giving indications that extreme violence will follow for example Mercutios long speeches about quarrelling which are written in prose to accentuate how the madness and disorder of Mercutios thoughts, as prose is normally only used for the speech of lower class characters such as servants. This part of the scene sets the tone for the whole scene and shows the audience just how strongly Mercutio despises Tybalt and how unpredictable his violent mood is. As Tybalt and Mercutio meet, Romeo enters and is totally unaware of the tension between the characters. He is in a romantic, carefree mood, which is completely incongruous with the situation of fury of Mercutio and also unaware that he had aggravated Tybalt at the Capulets ball and now Tybalt desires a duel with him. Shakespeare creates a lot of dramatic irony in this scene such as Romeos ignorance to the anger of the other characters and Tybalts use of the word love, Romeo, the love I bear thee can afford no better term than this: thou art a villain. Tybalt use of the word love is in a totally different context than the way in which the word love was used earlier in the play. It is also ironic because Mercutio and Tybalt are both unaware of Romeos marriage to Juliet whereas the audience are; Shakespeare does this in order to make the audience feel more involved in the plot. Throughout the play, but particularly in this scene; Shakespeare juxtaposes the two antitheses of passionate love and intense hatred, this emphasises the contrast between the two main themes of the play and shows how the two extreme emotions take place alongside each other. Romeo also inadvertently exacerbates the fury of Mercutio by turning down Tybalts duel, Mercutio views this as dishonourable, vile submission, and it gives him the excuse to challenge Tybalt. Mercutio was already in a turbulent mood; he had been angered by Tybalts pretentious tone of speech and in turn provoked Tybalt by intentionally misinterpreting his words for example his deliberate misinterpretation of the word consortest as an insult. During this part of the scene Shakespeare uses this idea as an extended metaphor by repeatedly referring to a minstrels fiddlestick and comparing it to a sword. An example of this is on line 45 when Mercutio draws his sword and says Heres my fiddlestick, heres that shall make you dance. This extended metaphor creates an image of violence and suggests to the audience that Mercutios temper is so vile that something as innocent as a fiddlestick could remind him of violence and combat. When Tybalt first approaches Mercutio he speaks in a very formal, controlled manner. Mercutio on the other hand speaks in a snappy, tense tone and brings in a suggestion of violence by responding to Tybalt with, make it a word and a blow. This creates suspense amongst the audience and suggests that the violence will occur very soon. The actual clash between Mercutio and Tybalt takes place after a series of puns referring to fencing made by Mercutio such as line 80, Come sir, your passado'. Mercutio often makes puns on the subject of fencing; another example of this is when he compares a fiddlestick to a sword. These puns show the audience that the subject of violence is always present in Mercutios thoughts. Mercutio loses the duel due to Romeo interrupting the fight; although Romeo has good intentions, as in the rest of the play, he is rather unrealistic in his outlook and therefore ended up making the situation a lot worse for Mercutio. Mercutio is fatally wounded during the fight and after he has been wounded he makes numerous references to death such as line 93, Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man. He still uses puns but now his humour becomes a lot darker and more morbid for example he uses the word peppered which is a humorous word but nevertheless it is referring to death. Shakespeare us es a lot of unpleasant imagery of death such as They have made worms meat of me. This evokes a sense of horror amongst the audience as it makes them realise just how dire Mercutios predicament is. The phrase A plague a both your houses is repeated three times as Mercutio is dying this emphasises the amount of damage that this feud between the two houses has done. Just before his death, Mercutio utters the words your houses, this is quite emotive as it show the audience that Mercutio is weakening and he does not even have enough strength left to articulate a full sentence. The use of the word Zounds also is very effective in revealing just how serious this situation was; it would have created feelings of shock within the audience as the word Zounds was a considered to be a very powerful blasphemy at the time in which Romeo and Juliet was set. Throughout the scene, Shakespeare keeps the pace very rapid in order to make it more dramatic and more exciting for the audience. The stage directions state that characters enter and exit the stage quite often; this enhances the fast pace of the scene and keeps the attention of the audience. Another feature of interest for the audience is Romeos sudden change of heart about fighting Tybalt; he refers back to Tybalts previous insult by saying Now, Tybalt, take the villain back again. Mercutios death has a great impact on Romeo and forces him to become more responsible and take up Tybalts challenge. This change in Romeo indicates the magnitude of this fight to the audience. This hectic scene becomes even more action-packed when citizens and officers of the watch enter the stage, however the chaos is interrupted by the prince. The princes role in Romeo and Juliet is that of a fair and just ruler. He has absolute power over this small medieval town and therefore all of the characters will respect and obey him. Shakespeares audience could relate to this as the monarchy had a lot of power in Britain at the time when the play was written. Throughout the play the price represents law and order and justice; he seems to have an immense calming influence at the end of act 3 scene 1. The rhyming couplets of his speech accentuate the composed formal way in which he speaks. The words that he says also have great impact on the audience, as they are very dramatic and thought provoking. The rhetorical question, Who now the price of his dear blood doth owe? on line 179 for instance, is very emotive and significant as it causes the audience to contemplate the consequenc es of this fight, it provokes them to think, Who else is going to die? The princes speech is fair and without bias but also final and concluding; Romeos fate is decided and none of the characters attempt to question this judgement. Another way in which Shakespeare evaluates this scene is Benvolios speech, which summarizes the events of the fight. Shakespeare does this to inform the audience of anything that they may have overlooked during the frenzied scene of the fight and gives them a chance to take in all that has happened. Benvolio is chosen to tell the prince what has happened as he is considered to be a reliable, honest character and he gave a truthful account of the first brawl earlier on in the play. On the whole, Benvolios account of the fight was reliable however there was a slight amount of bias as he fails to mention Mercutios provocation of Tybalt as well as exaggerating Romeos lack of aggression. This shows that this fight has affected even Benvolio who is normally calm and fair. This scene has significant impact of the play as a whole. As Romeo has been exiled it is extremely difficult for Romeo and Juliet to see each other consequently their attitudes and personalities are forced to develop. Romeo becomes more realistic in his outlook and cannot afford to be so wistful and romantic anymore. Juliet becomes totally isolated as all her family and even the nurse betrays her; this forces her to become more mature and resourceful. She goes to see Friar Lawrence, as he is the only person left for her to turn to; he gives her some help but ultimately she is alone. Such developments in the personalities of Romeo and Juliet would be very noticeable and thought provoking to the audience. This scene is very much a turning point in the play as the whole tone changes after it. Instead of being light-hearted and romantic it becomes a lot more sombre and severe. There is little humour in the rest of the play and the whole ambience becomes solemn and grim. The situation of the protagonists becomes more and more desperate until in the end the only way out for them is to take the drastic step of taking their own lives.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Developed in Repeated War Zones Deployment

Introduction Apprehension in human has largely been associated with psychological disturbance. Medical and psychology experts have linked post traumatic stress disorder, a nervousness condition, to mental distress. Post traumatic disorder was related to life situations that troubled a person or group of people.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Developed in Repeated War Zones Deployment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The situation might have, perhaps, concerned fatality risk, bodily, gender, or mental uprightness that devastated a person’s capacity to survive. Indicative signs of post traumatic disorder combined a repeated occurrence of earlier disturbance through dreadful dreams, evasion of distress related prompts, and amplified provocations. Recognized investigative measures needed that the indicators had endured and resulted in noteworthy harm. An individual was weakened socially, in their work, and basic utility spheres by the post traumatic stress disorder. Majority of global nations have soldiers who serve in the army ready for combat if the need occurred. Most of the combatants, usually, tailored a war awareness state to manage the consistent pressure of battle duty. Rapid exchanges between civic and combatant mind frames augmented mental pressure. The combatants were forced to incline to conducts and abilities that guaranteed every day survival. Nonetheless, a war awareness state of mind was vulnerable to combat dreadfulness. Post traumatic stress disorder had been exposed among numerous combatants. The anxiety condition was largely observed in combatants who returned from a war zone. Symptoms associated with post traumatic stress disorder were noted on returning combatants. However, a prominent challenge was faced by medical practitioners on how they could distinguish between post traumatic stress disorder and gentle distressing menta l power damage. Both health situations had comparable indicators and were common among combatants from war deployment. If combatants suffered frequently alternated mental conditions and rapid mind state exchanges augmented psychological pressure then multiple war zones deployment of combatants that increased mental state exchange led to incidents of post traumatic stress disorders. Literature Review War combatants have, recently, suffered increased post traumatic stress disorders. More than a fifth of war soldiers have been diagnose with post traumatic stress disorder. The combatants have suffered hallucination, stimulation, and slumber troubles among other post traumatic stress indicators.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hurdles have existed for the soldiers to revert back to normal society life. Tough war instructions for endurance in Iraq and Afghanistan had no value in s ociety life setting. However, the instructions did not fritter away. A lonesome sensation might engulf a combatant away from his or her colleagues. Combatants were projected to constrict their emotions. Nevertheless, the situation led to concealed battle sufferings. Society life could have, probably, been a source of illogical outbreaks and distressing incidents (Scott, 2009 p. 1). War soldiers that returned from duty had mixed feelings from the battle fields. The mind frame applied in the battle grounds was different to that suitable for community living. The soldiers had a difficult time as they endeavored to conceal their emotions. Eventually, the suppressed emotions led to increased despair among the soldiers. It was through the alteration of different mental frames that traumatic conditions increased. Majority of the combat soldiers that were repeatedly deployed to war zones suffered post traumatic stress disorders. Combatants on homecoming from army responsibilities in recent Iraq wars had shown indications of post traumatic stress disorder. Projected statistics that an eighth of the Iraq war combatants experienced post traumatic stress disorder was standard. Most combatants opted not to request for wellbeing assistance based on discernment of post traumatic stress disorder. The condition had been viewed as a disappointment among army personnel. Post traumatic stress disorder state had led many combatants to engage in social misconducts. Redeployed combatants have experienced nightmares that were dreadful than the actual war situation (Radut, 2008 p.1). Repeated exposure to war situations impacted on soldiers psychologically. A combatant’s mind frame was open to different mind frames that interfered with the thought process. The condition created an inferiority complex among combatants that led to fear of wellbeing assistance. Mental challenges were transferred into the soldier’s social life with severe consequences. Soldier deployed to war zones repeatedly have suffered numerous social setbacks. Most families tolerated and recognized, honestly, that war uncovered them to unparalleled pressures and danger of lifelong wounds.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Developed in Repeated War Zones Deployment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Investigations have suggested that marriage pressures, danger of infant abuse, and other hazardous family troubles degenerate as combatants obliged to numerous war deployments. Majority of combatants that returned from war deployment suffered states of despair, shift to drug misuse, restless slumber, and departure from family duties. These conditions and behaviors were indicators of post traumatic stress disorders (Crary, 2008 p.1). Combatants that undertook multiple war zone deployments suffered social problems. The social challenges could be attributed to the combatants’ s tate of mind and social connection. Soldiers assigned repeatedly to war zones were expected to change their mind frames frequently from civilian and combatant states. Mind frame variations might have led to a state of post traumatic stress disorder. Modern wars have been uniquely prepared based on the operation models. Most families found the war deployment durations shocking. Statistics have revealed that 15% of combatants with wives assigned for duty in Iraq planned for marriage separation. It was estimated that the rates would triple with more deployments. With increased social life challenges, most combatants ended up with post traumatic stress disorder conditions. Military administration has acknowledged that army household violence has increased compared to other citizen families (Vest, 2008 p. 1). Combatants repeatedly deployed to war zones were destabilized socially. Families of the combatants suffered great loses that led to separations. It is obvious that combatants at war had disturbed mind frames. The though process of most combatants were transformed from social to war zone status interchangeably. Mental reflections of family and war zones created confusion in the minds of combatants. The alterations resulted into an anxiety state of post traumatic stress disorder. Frequent deployment of combatants to war zones and deficiency of psychological wellbeing personnel in army establishments had assisted in growth of social problems. Recurrent combat personnel assignments have been connected to increased rate of psychological troubles. Self inflicted deaths in the military were anticipated to increase above 140 cases. According to administrators self imposed fatalities have been on an upward trend compared to the general public. Army overseers revealed that a spotlight on increasing psychologists in the military was unavoidable. The military required 300 additional therapists and 800 extra psychologists. Majority of the combatants suffered post traumatic stress disorders (Schwartz, 2009 p.1). Combatants have experienced increased post traumatic stress disorders when in combat and at home. The situation was worsened by lack of wellbeing assistance. Soldiers like other humans, experienced thoughts.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, psychological states of the combatants were shifted based on assigned duties. Rearrangement of the mind frame resulted in mental disorders among military personnel away in combat. Ultimately, most soldiers experienced psychological challenges that affected their social lives. Health care attention deficiency augmented the metal disorder predicament among soldiers. Therapy and psychological attention was inadequate for the increased anxiety situation. Alteration in a soldier’s mental state impacted on their duty performances. Combatants in a single psychological state would respond outstandingly compared to the individual in a mixed psychological state. Research findings have suggested that combatants in a war mind state observed instructions confidently. Furthermore, combatants in the battle mental state would show less indicators of post traumatic stress disorder (Anestis, 2009 p.1). The focused mental state results had shown that it was better for the combatants to have a single mind state at a time. However, multiple deployments of soldiers to war zones would not permit soldiers to have a single mind frame. Most soldiers were frequently redeployed to war zones. Modern wars have a prolonged tendency. Combatants are constantly called to duty after short periods. The continued war zone postings forced several combatants to adapt a mixed mind set. A post traumatic stress disorder status would result from the assorted mental conditions. Military personnel administrators ought to develop diagnostic procedures for the army staff. Proper diagnosis of mental disorder conditions can assist war veterans psychologically. Psychological wellbeing guidebooks were presented for mental conditions identification. Diagnostic and statistical manuals of mental health documents (DSM) have been employed in detection of psychological health. Diagnostic method that applied biological process (DSM IV) contained records and explanations on mental analyses was appropri ately applied to the war combatants. The information on the guidebook assisted investigations and enhanced communiquà © for scientific performance. The guideline utilizes identified conduct or mental indicators or models. Post traumatic stress disorder patients had a noteworthy danger of experienced fatality, hurt, inability, or los of sovereignty. The system utilizes a multi aligned arrangement that incorporated multiple disorder indicators (Ma, 2009 p.1). Mental health diagnosis for the war combatants returning home had to be conducted by consultation of the diagnostic and statistical manuals of mental health guidebook. Standards on how diagnoses of psychological conditions were formulated by the American Psychiatric Association. Updates have been provided with increased research and development of the mental diagnosis procedures. War combatants can be diagnosed effectively by applying principles of the DSM IV approach. The DSM IV method permitted the psychiatrist to observe mult iple indicators of mental disorder in patients. Nevertheless, caution had to be observed to prevent a misdiagnosis of the condition. Post traumatic stress disorders indicators were found to be similar to other mental confusion conditions. Further analyses were required in the determination of psychological status. Problem statement Soldiers returning from repeated deployment to war zones have been misdiagnosed for mental conditions. Mental health care providers have failed to present the appropriate diagnosis that led to timely therapy. Therefore, a study that can reveal the significance of adapting a DSM IV diagnostic approach to soldier’s mental health would be proper. It was necessary for research to be conducted on the effects of repeated redeployment of soldiers to war zones and the psychological effects established. Methodology Literature review on secondary data would be sufficient to ascertain the validity of the DSM IV approach to mental health diagnosis. Information should be sourced from books, journals, and other relevant publications to support the research theory. Information on combatants’ psychological wellbeing can be gathered from military records and databases. However, primary research ought to be intensified to support existing suggestions. Conclusion Repeated military deployments to war zones had a psychological effect on the soldiers. From the texts examined, evidence of post traumatic stress disorders were discovered in combatants that were continually deployed into war zones. Traumatic conditions were caused by alterations in the mental state of an individual. It was discovered that most soldiers were forced to rapidly transform their mental status from battle field to society experiences. Majority of the combatants had difficulties coping with the mixed mind sets. Consistent change of the mind frame resulted in mind confusion and disturbance. Ultimately, the war soldier’s mental status was led into disarray and th ey developed anxiety disorder. Post traumatic stress disorder resulted fro a continued alteration of the mind frame. War soldiers who were constantly redeployed to war zones suffered mental challenges. Research had suggested that the psychological situations of war veterans on repeated war zone deployments were traumatized. In some instances, the experiences were horrific and led to nightmares and social misconducts. Therefore, the hypothesis that stated; if combatants suffered frequently alternated mental conditions and rapid mind state exchanges augmented psychological pressure then multiple war zones deployment of combatants that increased mental state exchange led to incidents of post traumatic stress disorders was validated. Multiple Deployments to war zones led to Increased Incidents of post traumatic stress disorder Works Cited Anestis, Michael D. Battlemind: Testing the efficacy of an early intervention for soldiers returning from deployment. Psychotherapy Brown Bag. 12 Oct 2009. Web. Crary, David. As Wars Lengthened, Toll On Military Families Mounts. ejfi.org. 15 Aug 2008. 14 Mar 2010 http://www.ejfi.org/family/family-53.htm Ma, Xiaohui. Introduction to the DSM-IV. Docstoc.com. 31 Oct 2009. Web. Radult, Evil. Personal dealings with veterans Adminstration and exacerbation of my PTSD symptoms. veteran.com. 18 Jul 2008. Web. Schwartz, Jeremy. Fort Hood shooting receives mental health concerns. statesman.com. 26 Nov 2009. Web. Scott, Bob. Fighting the War Within. Veterans struggling with post-traumatic stress disorder. therapytimes.com. 17 Aug 2009. Web. Vest, Gerald. New Civilization News: Long Deployments Breaking Up Families. newciv.org. 12 Dec 2008. 22 Feb 210 http://www.newciv.org/nl/newslog.php/_v45/__show_article/_a000400-000056.htm This research paper on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Developed in Repeated War Zones Deployment was written and submitted by user Kayson Reed to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Premise Definition and Examples in Arguments

Premise Definition and Examples in Arguments A premise is a  proposition upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn. Put another way, a  premise includes the reasons and evidence behind a conclusion, says  Study.com. A premise may be  either the major or the minor proposition of a  syllogism- an argument in which two premises are made and a  logical conclusion  is drawn from them- in a deductive argument. Merriam-Webster  gives this example of a major and minor premise (and conclusion): All mammals are warmblooded [major premise]; whales are mammals [minor premise]; therefore, whales are warmblooded [conclusion]. The term premise comes from medieval Latin, meaning things mentioned before. In philosophy as well as fiction and nonfiction writing, the premise follows largely the same pattern as that defined in Merriam-Webster. The premise- the thing or things that came before- lead (or fail to lead) to a logical resolution in an argument or story. Premises in Philosophy To understand what a premise is in philosophy, it helps to understand how the field defines an argument, says  Joshua May, an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Alabama, Birmingham. In philosophy, an argument is not concerned with disputes among people; it is a set of propositions that contain premises offered to support a conclusion, he says, adding: A  premise  is a proposition one offers in support of a conclusion. That is, one offers a premise as evidence for the truth of the conclusion, as justification for or a reason to believe the conclusion. May offers this example of a major and minor premise, as well as a conclusion, that echoes the example from Merriam-Webster: All humans are mortal. [major premise]G.W. Bush is a human. [minor premise]Therefore, G.W. Bush is mortal. [conclusion] May notes that the validity of an argument in philosophy (and in general) depends on the accuracy and truth of the premise or premises. For example, May gives this example of a bad (or inaccurate) premise: All women are Republican. [major premise: false]Hilary Clinton is a woman. [minor premise: true]Therefore, Hilary Clinton is a Republican. [conclusion: false] The  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy  says that an argument can be valid if it follows logically from its premises, but the conclusion can still be wrong if the premises are incorrect: However, if the premises are true, then the conclusion is also true, as a matter of logic.​​ In philosophy, then, the process of creating premises and carrying them through to a conclusion involves logic and deductive reasoning. Other areas provide a similar, but slightly different, take when defining and explaining premises. Premises in Writing For nonfiction writing, the term  premise  carries largely the same definition as in philosophy. Purdue OWL notes that a premise or premises are integral parts of constructing an argument. Indeed, says the language website operated by Purdue University, the very definition of an argument is that it is an assertion of a conclusion based on logical premises. Nonfiction writing uses the same terminology as in philosophy, such as  syllogism, which Purdue OWL describes as the simplest sequence of logical premises and conclusions. Nonfiction writers use a premise or premises as the backbone of a piece such as an editorial, opinion article, or even a letter to the editor of a newspaper. Premises are also useful for developing and writing an outline for a debate. Purdue gives this example: Nonrenewable resources do not exist in infinite supply. [premise 1]Coal is a nonrenewable resource. [premise 2]Coal does not exist in infinite supply. [conclusion] The only difference in nonfiction writing versus the use of premises in philosophy is that nonfiction writing generally does not distinguish between major and minor premises. Fiction writing also uses the concept of a premise but in a different way, and not one connected with making an argument. James M. Frey, as quoted on  Writers Digest, notes: The premise is the foundation of your story- that single core statement of what happens to the characters as a result of the actions of a story.† The writing website gives the example of the story The Three Little Pigs, noting that the premise is: â€Å"Foolishness leads to death, and wisdom leads to happiness.† The well-known story does not seek to create an argument, as is the case in philosophy and nonfiction writing. Instead, the story itself is the argument, showing how and why the premise is accurate, says Writers Digest: If you can establish what your premise is at the beginning of your project, you will have an easier time writing your story. Thats because the fundamental concept you create in advance will drive the actions of your characters. Its the characters- and to some degree the plot- that prove or disprove the premise of the story. Other Examples The use of premises is not limited to philosophy and writing. The concept can also be useful in science, such as in the study of genetics or biology versus environment, which is also known as the nature-versus-nurture debate.  In Logic and Philosophy: A Modern Introduction, Alan Hausman, Howard Kahane, and Paul Tidman give this example: Identical twins often have different IQ test scores. Yet such twins inherit the same genes. So environment must play some part in determining IQ. In this case, the argument consists of three statements: Identical twins often have different IQ  scores. [premise]Identical twins inherit the same genes. [premise]The environment must play some part in  determining  IQ. [conclusion] The use of the premise even reaches into religion and theological arguments.  Michigan State University  (MSU) gives this example: God exists, for the world is an organized system and all organized systems must have a creator. The creator of the world is God. The statements provide  reasons why God exists, says MSU. The argument of the statements can be organized into premises and a conclusion. Premise 1: The world is an organized system.Premise 2: Every organized system must have a creator.Conclusion: The creator of the world is God. Consider the Conclusion You can use the concept of the premise in countless areas, so long as each premise is true and relevant to the topic. The key to laying out a premise or premises (in essence, constructing an argument) is to remember that premises are assertions that, when joined together, will lead the reader or listener to a given conclusion, says the  San Jose State University Writing Center, adding: The most important part of any premise is that your audience will accept it as true. If your audience rejects even one of your premises, they will likely also reject your conclusion, and your entire argument will fall apart.​ Consider the following assertion: â€Å"Because greenhouse gases are causing the atmosphere to warm at a rapid rate...† The San Jose State writing lab notes that whether this is a solid premise depends on your audience: If your readers are members of an environmental group, they will accept this premise without qualms. If your readers are oil company executives, they may reject this premise and your conclusions. When developing one or more premises, consider  the rationales and beliefs not just of your audience  but also of your opponents, says San Jose State. After all, your whole point in making an argument is not just to preach to a like-minded audience but to convince others of the correctness of your point of view. Determine what givens† you accept that your opponents do not, as well as where two sides of an argument can find common ground. That point is where you will find effective premises to reach your conclusion, the writing lab notes. Source Hausman, Alan. Logic and Philosophy: A Modern Introduction. Howard Kahane, Paul Tidman, 12th Edition, Cengage Learning, January 1, 2012.

Premier Inn's Marketing Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Premier Inn's Marketing Strategy - Case Study Example It aims to provide best service to their precious clients with economical packages. The properties of the brand are that it specializes in personal service with high quality of food and excellent room service. However the biggest drawback of the Premier Inn is its lack of service and management focus more on quantity rather in quality. The strong point of the Premier Inn is that they offer money back guarantee to their clients and believe in influences the customers. Due to recession, the economic activity of hotel industry is low. This threat should be considered short term for the Premier Inn and the company should focus on providing consummate business service to their valuable clients at affordable rates in order to appeal more and more customers. Premier Inn with more than 500 hotels in UK, and a symbol of 4 star hotels in UK specialize in providing quality service at affordable rates. Further more due to recession, the economic activity in hotel industry sharply slow down. People are not willing to spend on vacations and travel. And that's the biggest threat to the company. The biggest competitor is and Brimingimah City Center. Our Hotel has edge in the market due to vast chain spread all over the country. The class of clients our company has corporate and families. But families on vacations brings larger portion of revenue for our hotels. We want our clients to know that we are here to provide them personalized service. Moreover our guests need to know that we are here to develop a relationship with them to ensure them the efficiency of service, value of their money. And their reliability on us to provide them best service they expects. However like wise other competitor, our company focuses more on aggressive and fruitful marketing strategy to bring fruitful results even in recession. The key is to retain the loyal customers and business. So the marketing strategy of our company should be to retain the loyal customers and focus on more on serving them at our best. Marketing Strategy: Every business as certain objective, and goals in order to attained maximum yield for the owners. To accomplish these goals, the management formulates and implements certain strategies for the business. These strategies are a set of plans which company implements to increase yield while cutting down the unnecessary costs. Every market strategy clearly focuses on achieving high market share and high sales while maintaining the quality of service or product. Our marketing strategy basically focuses on delivering high quality service and products which will bring high yields for the company. If the quality is good it not only retains the loyal customers, but also attracts new ones. Secondly the company focus on increasing the sales by giving different services packages

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 20

Reading response - Essay Example ies and to socialize the industries of the country.’ (Hillquit, 18) The platform of the party is to create awareness among the masses and is to educate them about political class-consciousness. However, as the American workers are dubious of the Socialist movement, they are approached through the Labor Party. The Labor Party can gain their confidence and then and lead them to the path of Socialism. The difference between the Socialist Party in the United States and the Communist Party of Russia is the scope of their manifesto. The Socialist party wants to emancipates all thus extending the benefits of industrialization to the masses in the United States. On the other hand the Communist Party in Russia holds the authority in few hands with the State being the channel that decides what and how much should be passed on to the masses. Thus these tow philosophies differ from one another as the two countries are different from each other, but as far as racialism in the United States is concerned than the Socialist Party takes the

The relationships between billionaire agribusinessmen in the US and Essay

The relationships between billionaire agribusinessmen in the US and new immigrant farmworkers from Mexico - Essay Example Knowing the present economic structure and the availability of these workers, this created a rift between the owners of the industries who is literally addicted to using â€Å"cheap† and illegal (undocumented) workforce and to the requirement of the American commoners to security. In this article, we will deal into the major issues strongly intertwined with illegal undocumented migration such as labor and unemployment issues (i.e. workforce rights’ violations) and illegal drug trade both in the United States and Mexico; furthermore we will also look into the government interventions and the changes it has extended to the labor sector not only to resolve the pressing conflicts between American and Mexican (as well as other minorities) workers but to entirely â€Å"improve† and restructure the present labor condition of the United States. During the post-World War II period, the United States government invested millions of dollars in agriculture reform and sponsored many farms to improve their technologies such as irrigation system and development of farm machineries. It was also during this period from 1942 to early 1960s that the United States encouraged these workers from Mexico, China, Japan and other parts of Asia to migrate in the U.S and work in their farms for cheap labor. Along with these workers are their families therefore starting up a steady enormous volume of migrants to reside along the agricultural lines of California and Washington. With the increasing number of migrants, the competition for labor between them and the native Americans became steeper to the point where unjust labor practices were implemented to curb, streamline and permanently impede the surge of migrants into key agricultural cities in America. These practices involved massive lynching of migrant workers from their job with barely j ustifiable reasons, deportation due to lack of appropriate documents and permits, lack of work benefits – all conditions are almost similar

Marketing orientation and its importance in planning

Marketing orientation and its importance in planning Harris (2002, p. 247) Defines Marketing Orientation as The extent to which an organisation is perceived to act in a coordinated, customer and competitor-oriented fashion. Narver and Slaters (1990) also confirm there are three dimensions of Marketing Orientation, customer orientation, competitor orientation, and interfunctional coordination. With marketing orientation, a business revolves its strategic decisions around the wants and needs of the target market, including potential customers. A company that is marketing-orientated has the commitment to valuing customers and the customers needs. In fact, it can even contribute to the transformation of a companys business culture. This marketing concept involves three essential steps in being customer-focused. First, the wants and needs of the customers are researched and identified. Then, the research outputs are studied by the marketers and new products are created based on the consumer needs. Finally, customer satisfaction is aimed after public awareness and introduction of the product is made. A marketing-orientated business is characterised by various attributes. The company makes good and extensive use of marketing research, develops new and broad products, highlights product value and benefits, uses product innovation methods, and designs supplementary services or customer benefits such as delivery, installation, warranty, and credit availability. All these are geared toward customer advantage. Marketing orientation has three common alternatives which can be adopted by a company and these are sales orientation, product orientation, and production orientation. Looking at Renaults orientation, the conclusion that we have made is that Renault is a market orientated organisation. The reason for this conclusion is Renault is very focused on the needs and wants for the consumer. They have different types of cars focusing on different markets for their customer base. For example, Clio which is marketed at young adults who may have a low budget for purchasing the car. On the other side of the spectrum where the Laguna or Megane could be classed as a high specification family car. Also Renault has many of these cars in a range of sports models. Due to the nature of the business which Renault is involved in they have had to diverse the range of car models which they sell due to its competitors. For example Ford and Vauxhall. Another good example is Renault are in the process of developing hybrid cars and electric cars within its car range. According to Renault (2011) the first electric car will be sold in Israel in 2011 and then in other countries. The reason for this has come from customer demand, consumers are more aware of rises in fuel prices and carbon emissions. This would be a classic example how Renault is a market orientated company. In terms of RD Renault listen to their consumers as different customers have different types of criteria when purchasing a car. Mack (1996) states That to reinforce customer loyalty they involve existing customer in the design of its cars. According to Renault (2011) Renault- Nissan Alliance spend 4 billion Euros on the investment on electric parts. Many Eastern European countries would have a different specification of a car compared to someone in the UK. For example countries such as Bulgaria and Romania need cars that cater for larger families. Also some countries may not require a car which has a soft top due to climate conditions being different in comparison to a country where the weather is hot. Countries where the weather is constantly warm may require cars to have air conditioning. The Renault car called Dacia Logan has created in 2004, this particular type of car was designed for people in developing countries of the world. The car was first sold in Romania at a very cheap price of 5000 Euros and then moved into South America and India after proving a success when the car was first launched. Demographics would play a major role in the RD aspect of the business so Renault would know where and how to market their final end product. Boddy (2008) defines PEST analysis as A technique for indentifying and listing the political, economic, social, technological, environment and legal factors. Political Factors: The political factors in any country are largely responsible to alter a business environment as company may decide to change its business strategy based on the political scenario of the region it is based in. The government of any country regulates power supply, telecom and postal services and finance. The following are the political factors that affect Renault within the UK. Current taxation policy: According to the Trade and Investment minister Digby Jones the UK is becoming least attractive to work and invest due to the taxation policy, which was under pressure from opposition to tax rich foreign investors doing business in the UK. Thus the labour party proposed a cut on taxing investors who are non-UK domiciled. Also a worth mention is VAT which means value added tax. It is charged on most goods and services that are VAT registered. The recent recession has affected a lot of businesses most importantly the car manufacturing in the UK, it can be seen as going through a bad phase for the automobile industry. Thus UK motor agency served a budget to the current Government in the UK and urged it to create a right mix of policies to sustain growth in the segment. Renault decided to follow the following measures to counter any future threats in regards to financial aspect of the same by the following measures: Continue to put pressure on banks to give more loans Support automotive council Freeze fuel duty Following the Kyoto protocol, more political pressure has been imposed to the polluting industries. Regarding the car market, Governments across the world have established some environmental penalties and bonuses to manufacturers and consumers. For customers, they need to pay a tax to the government according to the level of CO2 emissions. This can have a massive influence for buyers, especially with sports car and ones with large engines which are regarded as the most polluting. Economic factors: Osbourn (2011) mentions Chancellor of Exchequer made a budget statement which is meant to reform the nations economy and this time the budget is neutral and also becomes the best place in Europe to invest, which is a good sign for car manufacturers as certain taxes applicable have been cut and import duty has been significantly reduced, which is a sign of relief for car manufacturers. Godlevskaja et al (2011) states: Many OEMs are expanding their model lines to entice new customers and increase overall customer base range. Often at their competitors expense. At the same time growth increase is limited within the auto mobility industry as a whole. in the EU new car demand fell 7.8 per cent to 14.7 million units in 2008 that reflects consumer concerns about the economy the buying power from consumers this could have been down toward the recession, despite this Renault would continuously market themselves to its potential consumers. Having customer awareness makes people want to purchase their vehicles with newer models being introduced. Sociological Factors: These factors constitute various social factors such as cultural aspects, demographics, lifestyles and attitudes. For e.g. Whatever works in one country may not be successful in other, Renault may sell racing cars in France but for a market like India it needs to launch small cars as in this country small cars are much in demand due to the infrastructure of the company and population size. Demographics: Renault is the third largest car manufacturer in the world with its presence across Europe, Asia and even Africa thus it needs to proactive rather than reactive in development in these countries. Its policy of developing strategic alliances with local manufacturers helps it to get an edge in the global scenario as locals know their home market better, they use a tried and tested marketing strategy of targeting the right market segment to see if it works sells. Such alliances apart from fostering industrial harmony also helps in sharing of technological aspects of each firm, and helps develop new products such as the concept of electrical cars to save fuel and protect the environment. Though Renault is a French company it has alliances across the Globe that helps it foster multicultural aspects. In which the sentiments of local population are not hurt as they continue using the same product such as in case of Romania and Korea. Where in Renault acquired Dacia and Samsung motors respectively. Such alliances also help it to launch existing vehicles from one region to the other, also known as market development from Ansoffs matrix. Alà ¡ez-Aller et al (2010) states knowing your customers needs and wants are vital to success to entry strategy within new regions. In depth analysis of macro and micro environment is key when consumers are looking to purchase vehicles. Technological Factors: Any company from any sector catering to any segment needs to change at some point, in order to grow and survive the growing competition from consumers and competitors. Godlevskaja et al (2011) states: Firms must constantly adjust their service portfolios because it is important for companies to have a dynamic service portfolio that is adapted to various customer needs. Consequently companies that fail to do so lose in the long term as the outside world is very competitive and brutal to securing a position in the market. Companies worldwide spend millions of money just to make sure that they do not lag behind if they lack the technical expertises. Renault (2011) quotes directly from its website: Renault is committed to the development and implementation of new technologies into every aspect of our vehicles. Renaults engineers cover every angle roadholding, safety, comfort, soundproofing, etc. in their relentless quest to make motoring a pleasurable experience. Porters five forces analysis and criticism In order to settle a strategy, a company must analyse its industry. However the analysis of its competitor is not enough to understand all the aspects of the business. The types of businesses are various and numerous. But in almost all the industries, Michael E. Porter has identified a common structure composed by five global forces. These are to take into consideration in order to implement a successful strategy. 1. The Analysis For our topic we will consider these five forces within the car industry adapted to the Renault Company. Rivalry among existing competitors Strong competition Very strong competitive rivalry in the cars sector, especially with the brands focusing on a particular market segment. E.g. Audi are becoming leaders on high standard quality cars, while TATA is undertaking the low cost cars segment The Asian manufacturers have a very strong growth thanks to their low cost cars and their quality car is very reliable. E.g. KIA and their 7 years warranty. The structure of the automotive industry is becoming more and more powerful because of all the merges and the joint ventures, so the competition is strong and aggressive. The threat of new entrants Low threat Few new brands entering on the market for these important reasons: The investment that has to be made is extremely important. Especially in the manufacture part of the activity, where the investment must be important if the brand wants to get a competitive advantage The experiment and the know-how are essential elements to have its place on its market, in particular on management of the costs and the competitiveness. The competitors already present are already well known brands. All these companies trend to be restructured into fewer big groups. These implicate that they are more powerful and do not let possibilities for any small new company to enter in the market The threat of substitute Mild/ Relative Threat Even if there are the other ways of transportation, the car remains indispensable nowadays. It is true that sometimes changing the transportation way can have some advantages as the cost (with the low cost airline carrier), the ethic of environment (with ecological way of transports such as trains or the buses) or time in important factor within lsrger cities (with the underground), none of the transport way offer a good mix of utility, convenience, independence, and value afforded by automobiles. Nowadays, the automotive companies have a wide range of product, which can satisfy every demand, in adapting their cars in satisfying every new need, that increases the loyalty of the consumers to use cars. Bargaining power of the suppliers: Dependence Suppliers/Customer The purpose is being to establish a profitable, reliable relation for both parts. But the parts suppliers are sometimes small manufactures so Renault has more pressure to put on its supplier in terms of price However the image of Renault, as a reliable car company also depends on the quality of the car parts Suppliers are also important to Renault in terms of costs, according to Renault (2011): Suppliers account for 80% of total vehicle production costs. It is therefore essential for Renault to gain their commitment and to make them part of its approach to sustainable development Bargaining power of the buyers Strong power of negotiation The consumers are the target of communication campaigns and marketing actions because it is more and more tempted to try other brands The final product are standardised, customers can put the pressure on the different vendors insisting on the fact that an equivalent car can be find from another company for approximately the same price The negotiation can be in the price, but also on obtaining more options or services with same price. This affects the costs to organisations 2. Criticism of the Porters analysis The three new forces The Porter analysis remains one of the most influential marketing and strategy tool. However this analysis has been written by Porter during the 1980s, and the economic world has considerably changed during the last decades. Especially due to the Internet and all the e-business that make evolved most of the industries. Larry Downes, co-author of Unleashing the Killer App: Digital Strategies for Market Dominance relates in the article Beyond Porter that the Porters five forces analysis is no longer a complete tool to opt for a viable strategy. He describes new strategic frameworks composed by three new factors (forces), which permit to analysis the business area more relevantly: The digitalisation Due to increase power of information technology, new business models will be born from the market. This allowed the global awareness of the consumers on the global market. The competitors will now not only be part of the same industry. Now the tour operator Thomas Cook can be a competitor of Renault. These two companies will push their clients to use their money to buy their product when there are the same prices According to Recklies (2008) The old economy used IT as a tool for implementing change. Today technology had become the most important driver for change. Therefore mindsets have changed for organisations and how they operate; the final end product will require an element of technological advances for it to successful in modern society due to social factors. The Globalisation The globalisation of the market is nowadays something that a company cannot afford to ignore. The effects of the globalisation on businesses are betterment in the areas of distribution logistics and communication. The Global companies have to adapt their strategies in function of the global network. These strategies remain more complex than what Porter describe. Its not a question of price or quality for the customers, but trying to reach a type of loyal relationship with a network of partners and consumers. The deregulation One of the big changes in the business from the Porters model is the taking into consideration of the intervention of the governments in the business and in the industries. Because of the action of the states (new laws, new quality requirements, new importation/exportation quotas) the industries and the organisations have to adapt their strategies, finding new alternatives to their business models. These factors became important but they rarely appear into the Porter analysis. So an important Company like Renault cannot focus on this tool to create a solid and successful strategy. The purpose of the five forces model is to define the attractiveness of an industry in relation with theses 5 forces. But according to Dagmar Recklies: In economics, the constellation of factors determines issues like profit maximisation or supernormal profits. So we can conclude that the Porters five forces analysis is a strategy tool that can be used only knowing its limitations and among others tools to be the base of a correct strategy. Place Jobber (2006) defines price as The agreed value placed on the exchange by a buyer and seller. Price is one of the fixed key factors in the marketing mix and should be blended together with all element of the marketing mix, to create customer value. It can be argued then that price interlinks with the other elements of the marketing mix and must be met by supply and demand to achieve its best. Price in the marketing mix is very important to a business as it can determine if a company is successful or not when selling the product, it can be perceived that price can reflect quality when selling to consumers. The price can affect the following areas so its pivotal to have the right pricing strategy to market the right product. Pricing Goals Marketing Mix Price Price can include the cost of production to an organisation and the strategy they use to market the product at a competitive price so consumers decide to use you, rather than your competitors. The price of a product can be sold at a cut-price to boost volume of sales. This can be a strategy used by organisations to gain market share which can have its positives and negatives. Walker (2006) states Having low prices may be perceived by consumers as being low quality. Organisation may market themselves so they may be seen as obtain profits on a short term basis. This is where promotion can be interlinked to a pricing strategy. Organisations spend vast amounts on RD before setting prices on products. It can be argued that firms must price the product in a way which reflects the appropriate position of the product within the market. The balance for organisations is to maximise profits, but to have a consistent amount of sales. Marketers use this strategy as they maybe price orientated within the marketing mix. This is where product development would occur and knowing your target market well. Renault uses price within the marketing mix very well. Throughout its range of cars they have luxury cars including the Laguna all the way down to the Clio which is targeted on price with low maintenance costs. In terms of price to the Renault Clio it can be seen as being priced similar to its major competitors. Considering the Vauxhall Corsa, Ford Fiesta and also Peugeot 206. The pricing strategy of the Renault Clio new ranges from around  £9,000 to  £19,000 plus. There are many factors that can influence the prices of just one particular type of car. For example engine size, motor sport version etc The Clio range has the sport 2000, Dymanique, Gordini and also Bizu. This shows that the product has been diversified to achieve maximum price when selling the product to consumers. Clio Series Price Sport 2000  £16,000 Dymanique  £11,000 Gordini  £19,000 Bizu  £9,000 Walker (1996) shows that all other competitors i.e. Corsa and Fiesta are based around the same pricing strategy. This is because the car industry is large and production costs are not so important and creating the largest profit is not as necessary as it would be for a smaller organisation. The reason for Clio having the same pricing strategy as its competitors is because it is the only model in Renault range to predominately focus on lower cost with low quality from launch. Therefore it needs to be competitive with its rivals. The Clio model has done this very well as new models for the Clio are designed every few years. The Clio has been on the market for over 15 years proving its successfulness to its consumers who are aware of other markets available to them. The following is a perceptual map of small commercial cars sold and its comparison with the Renault Clio. It can be seen that the Clio and Corsa can be placed in the same category as each other, as both focus on price mainly. Other small cars including Audi and BMW focus on both high quality and price as the reputation they have is that its a long term investment. The Skoda Fabia is a low priced car because of the reputation it held from its unreliable past, but its reputation has slow been built back up. High Quality *BMW 1 Series Audi A4* *Skoda FabiaLow Price High Price Vauxhall* Corsa *Renault Clio Low Quality Relationships can be built up between the consumer and the seller. Mack (1996) states that Renault try and use this strategy as much as possible when selling cars. But why do this? They do this to make the consumer feel they are receiving a personalised service. Some dealerships offer free gift as an indirect way of making customers by their product too its competitors. Walker (1998) also says This has been a vital part of our strategy in helping to persuade customers that we can meet their needs especially targeting smaller cars. However it can be argued this strategy possibly may not work in modern society. As many people are aware the automotive industry is very competitive, it is becoming quickly cost orientated in particularly markets, indirect costs such as fuel, insurance and tax. Trade-off analysis could be applied to the Renault Clio. Jobber (2006) says Features such as speed, petrol consumption, brand and price are placed in front of consumers and asked which combinations they prefer. While the Clio Mk 3 was being designed it would have consulted potential buyers, they would have used rd for this because the car was designed to be low cost and wanted as many luxury as possible while concentrating on its core competence its price. However this analysis can have its limitations. When rd is taking place respondents may ask for a lot of things but all these additions may not be feasible. When asked to purchase the car consumers may not be willing to exchange money. Product Jobber (2006) defines product as A good service offered or performed by and organisation or individual, which is capable of satisfying customer needs. To have an effective product that consumers desire, it needs to be prices fairly and requires a Unique Selling Proposition. (USP) Walker et al (1998) states there are four elements which creates a well balanced and successful marketing mix. These included: Matching customer needs Need for balance Creates a competitive advantage Matches corporate resources The product Renault Clio has historically been targeted at the younger aged population who maybe on a budget. The product is a smaller model compared to other ranges in Renault yet also delivering the majority of luxury that other models offer. Including air-conditioning, climate control, Bluetooth and satellite navigation, this makes Clio very positive when it advertises the model to its consumers. The Clio then however meets the criteria set to have an effective marketing mix. Jobber (2006) states that Product development is important. As technology and tastes change, products become out of date and inferior to those of the competition, so companies must replace them with features that customers value. The fundamental feature of the new Clio model is the tom-tom feature. Renault and tom-tom have had to come to an agreement to include the satellite navigation to integrate this within the models. This has given Clio a competitive advantage over external competitors. Having a competitive advantage enables them to charge a premium price. However in few cases charging a premium price for products can have its down fall. Many consumers may not be willing to pay extra for products that may not be essential, consequently consumers will move to Clios competitors such as the 206 and Corsa. The balance is conducted by market research to see what consumers want, referring back to trade off analysis. According to Renault (2011) Clio is its most successful range of car across Europe. This is because the product caters for a broad range of markets. The reason for can be considered when looking at the anatomy of the Clio. The core product (I) would be the car itself and the way it is strategically priced, as being a low value priced car compared to its other cars within its range. The second layer would be products that add value to the overall product. Making it match customer needs and creating a competitive advantage. This could be as mentioned above, tom-tom, Bluetooth, keyless entry system, parking assist sensors and warranties. The outer layer includes extras which maybe indirectly related to the car including after sale support and credit sale. Many augmenting features are closely related to establishing a successful relationship between buyer and seller. ImageAnatomy of a product model A product life cycle (PLC) can determine where the product lies within its life. Many organisation use different strategies to pro-long the life of its product. When a product reaches maximum maturity and seess signs its declining it then considers using Product/Market Ansoff matrix. This involves 4 different strategies that can be used: Product development Diversification Market penetration Market development The reason for this is to maximise profits for Clio. Renault Clio mainly uses product development to change its model throughout years so customers have the opinion of upgrading and keeping up with trends rather than going to competitors. When the Clio was first launched it obviously begins in the introduction phase of the PLC and is strategically priced high. Jobber (2006) states that the Strategic marketing objective is to build sales by expanding the market for the product. The growth stage is next to follow, there is increase of sales and profit growth. The reason for this is due to increase in promotion by creating awareness. Renault Clio use TV advertising predominately to penetrate the market. They also have their own Renault TV channel. The maturity stage is where the product sales are at its peak whilst time is increasing. This is where the organisation may offer discounts or extra such as warranties. This is also the stage where product improvements occur at the peak of the maturity stage. The reasons for this include: Maintain competitive advantage Future growth First move advantage The decline stage is the final process of the PLC, the reason for this according to Walker (1998) is due to technological superior substitutes and also consumers change in preferences due to competition. The Renault Clio was an innovation that Renault developed due to competition from its competitors. According to Bloomberg Businessweek (2006) Renault was at number 49. Its competitors did not even reach the top 100 of innovated companies. Other automotive companies included within the list lower than number 49, Nissan and Volvo. This information could now be argued because companies such as Ford, Volkswagen and Toyota are much more innovated in 2010 as they have developed cars whilst considering external factors such as the environmental factors. (Development of the Hybrid car) Distribution Mix Marketing The distribution policy includes all decisions and actions that can be related to the delivery of our product to the customer. There are two different ways of distribution existing for Renaults company. Business to Business (B to B) = Company Retailer Consumer Business to Consumer (B to C) = Company Consumer Engineering Renault is one of the biggest car industries worldwide. It is present through the world in around 201 countries, including Europe, North, Central and South America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. An international engineering; closer to the markets. The Techno Center (France) Engineering: The Renault Group is deployed globally. It revolves around two components: Engineering Central, the heart of the system and regional engineering spread over Renaults strategic markets. Engineering centers: The Techno Center (France), the heart of the engineering world Renault Technologies Americas Renault Technologies Romania Renault Technologies Spain Renault Samsun Technical Center This organisation is based on a standardised process of engineering at Renault World of unified technical standards, defining key functions and technical harmonisation of policies. A well-developed network of design centers Renault Design America Latina in Sao Paulo The group relies on a parallel network of five satellites design centers. Observatories real trends these emerging centers of vehicles for new markets. They are involved from the launch of a new project through to the production of the final concept car. The design centers are: Renault Design Paris Renault Design Central Europe Renault Design America Latina Renault Samsung Design Renault Design India Two objectives are Warranty the best customer satisfaction all around the world Produce close to the markets Renaults industry realises two type of sell: Either to the customers or to companies. But, all confounded, Renault has realised for the Year 2010 reporting record sales volumes with 2.6 million vehicles sold. Thanks to its positioning, essentially outside Europe, in the emerging countries, Renault has bounded its sales. Heres a graph which represents the market where Renault is present in 2010: It is important to understand that the Clio is one of the best vehicles brand for Renault. In about 20 years, it has won more than 10 million customers around the world (100 countries). This success is thanks to a styling, comfort, safety, versatility and different equipment package worthy of cars from the next segment up. Renault February 2011 sales in Europe region In February 2011, by

Character of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities :: Tale Two Cities Essays

Character of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities "A Tale of Two Cities," set in two European cities torn by war, Charles Dickens paradoxically introduces his story, "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us,...in short, the period was nothing like the present, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree for comparison only." In fact, the author negatively introduces specific characters, giving them an obscured identity. First portrayed as a shy, young man, Sydney Carton, constantly suffering debasing comments made by his ostensibly intelligent co-worker, seems unable to overcome his pre-determined life of unhappiness. Ironically, the `jackal' finally be gan to feel alive upon his choice to sacrifice his life to the Guillotine. Probably the most obvious character transformation was that of Sydney Carton as, ultimately, preconceived notions prove to have been deceiving, as the character began to exhibit another facet of true personality. Young Sydney Carton, associate of Mr. Stryver, appears quite glum upon his introduction at the `Old Bailey'. "Mr. Carton, who had so long sat looking at the ceiling of the court, changed neither in place nor his attitude, even in this excitement. This one man sat leaning back...his hands in his pockets, and his eyes on the ceiling as they had been all day. Something especially reckless in his demeanor, not only gave him a disreputable look, but so diminished the strong resemblance he undoubtedly bore to the prisoner." Due to being unsocial and pessimistic, Carton is familiar with leading a life of solitude. However, while his expression and attitude may have not allowed him to seem an observant man, he took in more of the details of the seen than he appear to take in. In fact, he was the first man to see Lucy Manette's head droop upon her father's breast.